publications

2024

1. Hardware Scaling Trends and Diminishing Returns in Large-Scale Distributed Training

   Jared Fernandez, Luca Wehrstedt, Leonid Shamis, Mostafa Elhoushi, Kalyan Saladi, Yonatan Bisk, Emma Strubell, and Jacob Kahn

   arXiv preprint, 2024

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2. Stereotype or Personalization? User Identity Biases Chatbot Recommendations

   Anjali Kantharuban, Jeremiah Milbauer, Emma Strubell, and Graham Neubig

   arXiv preprint, 2024

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3. Collage: Decomposable Rapid Prototyping for Information Extraction on Scientific PDFs

   Sireesh Gururaja, Yueheng Zhang, Guannan Tang, Tianhao Zhang, Kevin Murphy, Yu-Tsen Yi, Junwon Seo, Anthony Rollett, and Emma Strubell

   arXiv preprint, 2024

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4. FicSim: An Ethically Constructed Dataset for Long-Context Semantic Similarity Comparison within Fiction

   Natasha Johnson, Amanda Bertsch, and Emma Strubell

   In NeurIPS Workshop on Creativity & Generative AI, 2024
5. Scalable Data Ablation Approximations for Language Models through Modular Training and Merging

   Clara Na, Ian Magnusson, Ananya Harsh Jha, Tom Sherborne, Emma Strubell, Jesse Dodge, and Pradeep Dasigi

   In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2024

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6. Gradient Localization Improves Lifelong Pretraining of Language Models

   Jared Fernandez, Yonatan Bisk, and Emma Strubell

   In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP, 2024

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7. Light bulbs have energy ratings – so why can’t AI chatbots?

   Sasha Luccioni, Boris Gamazaychikov, Sara Hooker, Régis Pierrard, Emma Strubell, Yacine Jernite, and Carole-Jean Wu

   Nature, 2024

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8. Challenges in End-to-End Policy Extraction from Climate Action Plans

   Nupoor Gandhi, Tom Corringham, and Emma Strubell

   In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Natural Language Processing Meets Climate Change (ClimateNLP 2024), 2024

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9. Carbon Connect: An Ecosystem for Sustainable Computing

   Benjamin C. Lee, David Brooks, Arthur Benthem, Udit Gupta, Gage Hills, Vincent Liu, Benjamin Pierce, Christopher Stewart, Emma Strubell, Gu-Yeon Wei, Adam Wierman, Yuan Yao, and Minlan Yu

   arXiv preprint, 2024

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10. What is Your Data Worth to GPT? LLM-Scale Data Valuation with Influence Functions

    Sang Keun Choe, Hwijeen Ahn, Juhan Bae, Kewen Zhao, Minsoo Kang, Youngseog Chung, Adithya Pratapa, Willie Neiswanger, Emma Strubell, Teruko Mitamura, Jeff Schneider, Eduard Hovy, Roger Grosse, and Eric Xing

    arXiv preprint, 2024

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11. Source-Aware Training Enables Knowledge Attribution in Language Models

    Muhammad Khalifa, David Wadden, Emma Strubell, Honglak Lee, Lu Wang, Iz Beltagy, and Hao Peng

    In First Conference on Language Modeling (COLM), 2024

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12. AboutMe: Using Self-Descriptions in Webpages to Document the Effects of English Pretraining Data Filters

    Li Lucy, Suchin Gururangan, Luca Soldaini, Emma Strubell, David Bamman, Lauren Klein, and Jesse Dodge

    In Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), 2024

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13. Best Resource Paper

    Dolma: an Open Corpus of Three Trillion Tokens for Language Model Pretraining Research

    Luca Soldaini, Rodney Kinney, Akshita Bhagia, Dustin Schwenk, David Atkinson, Russell Authur, Ben Bogin, Khyathi Chandu, Jennifer Dumas, Yanai Elazar, Valentin Hofmann, Ananya Harsh Jha, Sachin Kumar, Li Lucy, Xinxi Lyu, Nathan Lambert, Ian Magnusson, Jacob Morrison, Niklas Muennighoff, Aakanksha Naik, Crystal Nam, Matthew E. Peters, Abhilasha Ravichander, Kyle Richardson, Zejiang Shen, Emma Strubell, Nishant Subramani, Oyvind Tafjord, Pete Walsh, Luke Zettlemoyer, Noah A. Smith, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Iz Beltagy, Dirk Groeneveld, Jesse Dodge, and Kyle Lo

    In Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), 2024

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14. Best Theme Paper

    OLMo: Accelerating the Science of Language Models

    Dirk Groeneveld, Iz Beltagy, Pete Walsh, Akshita Bhagia, Rodney Kinney, Oyvind Tafjord, Ananya Harsh Jha, Hamish Ivison, Ian Magnusson, Yizhong Wang, Shane Arora, David Atkinson, Russell Authur, Khyathi Raghavi Chandu, Arman Cohan, Jennifer Dumas, Yanai Elazar, Yuling Gu, Jack Hessel, Tushar Khot, William Merrill, Jacob Morrison, Niklas Muennighoff, Aakanksha Naik, Crystal Nam, Matthew E. Peters, Valentina Pyatkin, Abhilasha Ravichander, Dustin Schwenk, Saurabh Shah, Will Smith, Emma Strubell, Nishant Subramani, Mitchell Wortsman, Pradeep Dasigi, Nathan Lambert, Kyle Richardson, Luke Zettlemoyer, Jesse Dodge, Kyle Lo, Luca Soldaini, Noah A. Smith, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi

    In Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), 2024

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15. Power Hungry Processing: Watts Driving the Cost of AI Deployment?

    Sasha Luccioni, Yacine Jernite, and Emma Strubell

    In ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (ACM FAccT), 2024

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2023

1. Just CHOP: Embarrassingly Simple LLM Compression

   Ananya Harsh Jha, Tom Sherborne, Evan Pete Walsh, Dirk Groeneveld, Emma Strubell, and Iz Beltagy

   arXiv preprint, 2023

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2. To Build Our Future, We Must Know Our Past: Contextualizing Paradigm Shifts in Natural Language Processing

   Sireesh Gururaja, Amanda Bertsch, Clara Na, David Gray Widder, and Emma Strubell

   In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2023

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3. The Framework Tax: Disparities Between Inference Efficiency in Research and Deployment

   Jared Fernandez, Jacob Kahn, Clara Na, Yonatan Bisk, and Emma Strubell

   In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2023

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4. DSI++: Updating Transformer Memory with New Documents

   Sanket Vaibhav Mehta, Jai Gupta, Yi Tay, Mostafa Dehghani, Vinh Q. Tran, Jinfeng Rao, Marc Najork, Emma Strubell, and Donald Metzler

   In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2023

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5. Understanding the Effect of Model Compression on Social Bias in Large Language Models

   Gustavo Gonçalves, and Emma Strubell

   In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2023

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6. Pre-training and Fine-tuning BERT: Energy and Carbon Considerations

   Xiaorong Wang, Clara Na, Emma Strubell, Sorelle Friedler, and Sasha Luccioni

   In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP, 2023

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7. Data-efficient Active Learning for Structured Prediction with Partial Annotation and Self-Training

   Zhisong Zhang, Emma Strubell, and Eduard Hovy

   In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP, 2023

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8. Surveying (Dis)Parities and Concerns of Compute Hungry NLP Research

   Ji-Ung Lee, Haritz Puerto, Betty Aken, Yuki Arase, Jessica Zosa Forde, Leon Derczynski, Andreas Rücklé, Iryna Gurevych, Roy Schwartz, Emma Strubell, and Jesse Dodge

   arXiv preprint, 2023

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9. Making Scalable Meta Learning Practical

   Sang Choe, Sanket Vaibhav Mehta, Hwijeen Ahn, Willie Neiswanger, Pengtao Xie, Emma Strubell, and Eric Xing

   In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2023

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10. An Empirical Investigation of the Role of Pre-training in Lifelong Learning

    Sanket Vaibhav Mehta, Darshan Patil, Sarath Chandar, and Emma Strubell

    Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2023

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11. Efficiency Pentathlon: A Standardized Arena for Efficiency Evaluation

    Hao Peng, Qingqing Cao, Jesse Dodge, Matthew E. Peters, Jared Fernandez, Tom Sherborne, Kyle Lo, Sam Skjonsberg, Emma Strubell, Darrell Plessas, Iz Beltagy, Evan Pete Walsh, Noah A. Smith, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi

    arXiv preprint, 2023

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12. Adapting to Gradual Distribution Shifts with Continual Weight Averaging

    Jared Fernandez, Saujas Vaduguru, Sanket Vaibhav Mehta, Yonatan Bisk, and Emma Strubell

    In ICML Workshop on High Dimensional Learning Dynamics (HiLD), 2023

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13. Dissecting Efficient Architectures for Wake-Word Detection

    Cody Berger, Juncheng B Li, Yiyuan Li, Aaron Berger, Dmitri Berger, Karthik Ganesan, Emma Strubell, and Florian Metze

    In Workshop on Efficient Systems for Foundation Models @ ICML, Jul 2023

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14. Efficient Methods for Natural Language Processing: A Survey

    Marcos Treviso, Ji-Ung Lee, Tianchu Ji, Betty Aken, Qingqing Cao, Manuel R. Ciosici, Michael Hassid, Kenneth Heafield, Sara Hooker, Colin Raffel, Pedro H. Martins, André F. T. Martins, Jessica Zosa Forde, Peter Milder, Edwin Simpson, Noam Slonim, Jesse Dodge, Emma Strubell, Niranjan Balasubramanian, Leon Derczynski, Iryna Gurevych, and Roy Schwartz

    Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Jul 2023

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15. Queer People are People First: Deconstructing Sexual Identity Stereotypes in Large Language Models

    Harnoor Dhingra, Preetiha Jayashanker, Sayali Moghe, and Emma Strubell

    In Queer in AI Workshop @ ACL, Jul 2023

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16. On the Interactions of Structural Constraints and Data Resources for Structured Prediction

    Zhisong Zhang, Emma Strubell, and Eduard Hovy

    In Proceedings of The Fourth Workshop on Simple and Efficient Natural Language Processing (SustaiNLP), Jul 2023

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17. Annotating Mentions Alone Enables Efficient Domain Adaptation for Coreference Resolution

    Nupoor Gandhi, Anjalie Field, and Emma Strubell

    In Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Jul 2023

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18. To Adapt or to Annotate: Challenges and Interventions for Domain Adaptation in Open-Domain Question Answering

    Dheeru Dua, Emma Strubell, Sameer Singh, and Pat Verga

    In Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Jul 2023

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2022

1. Train Flat, Then Compress: Sharpness-Aware Minimization Learns More Compressible Models

   Clara Na, Sanket Vaibhav Mehta, and Emma Strubell

   In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2022, Dec 2022

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2. A Survey of Active Learning for Natural Language Processing

   Zhisong Zhang, Emma Strubell, and Eduard Hovy

   In Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Dec 2022

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3. Transfer Learning from Semantic Role Labeling to Event Argument Extraction with Template-based Slot Querying

   Zhisong Zhang, Emma Strubell, and Eduard Hovy

   In Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Dec 2022

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4. Bridging Fairness and Environmental Sustainability in Natural Language Processing

   Marius Hessenthaler, Emma Strubell, Dirk Hovy, and Anne Lauscher

   In Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Dec 2022

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5. Evaluating Gender Bias Transfer from Film Data

   Amanda Bertsch, Ashley Oh, Sanika Natu, Swetha Gangu, Alan W. Black, and Emma Strubell

   In Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Gender Bias in Natural Language Processing (GeBNLP), Jul 2022

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   Films are a rich source of data for natural language processing. OpenSubtitles (Lison and Tiedemann, 2016) is a popular movie script dataset, used for training models for tasks such as machine translation and dialogue generation. However, movies often contain biases that reflect society at the time, and these biases may be introduced during pre-training and influence downstream models. We perform sentiment analysis on template infilling (Kurita et al., 2019) and the Sentence Embedding Association Test (May et al., 2019) to measure how BERT-based language models change after continued pre-training on OpenSubtitles. We consider gender bias as a primary motivating case for this analysis, while also measuring other social biases such as disability. We show that sentiment analysis on template infilling is not an effective measure of bias due to the rarity of disability and gender identifying tokens in the movie dialogue. We extend our analysis to a longitudinal study of bias in film dialogue over the last 110 years and find that continued pre-training on OpenSubtitles encodes additional bias into BERT. We show that BERT learns associations that reflect the biases and representation of each film era, suggesting that additional care must be taken when using historical data.

6. Measuring the Carbon Intensity of AI in Cloud Instances

   Jesse Dodge, Taylor Prewitt, Remi Tachet des Combes, Erika Odmark, Roy Schwartz, Emma Strubell, Alexandra Sasha Luccioni, Noah S. Smith, Nicole Decario, and Will Buchanan

   In ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (ACM FAccT), Jun 2022

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7. Improving Compositional Generalization with Self-Training for Data-to-Text Generation

   Sanket Vaibhav Mehta, Jinfeng Rao, Yi Tay, Mihir Kale, Ankur Parikh, and Emma Strubell

   In Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, May 2022

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8. Aligning artificial intelligence with climate change mitigation

   Lynn H Kaack, Priya L Donti, Emma Strubell, George Kamiya, Felix Creutzig, and David Rolnick

   Nature Climate Change, May 2022

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2021

1. On the Benefit of Syntactic Supervision for Cross-lingual Transfer in Semantic Role Labeling

   Zhisong Zhang, Emma Strubell, and Eduard Hovy

   In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Nov 2021

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2. Comparing Span Extraction Methods for Semantic Role Labeling

   Zhisong Zhang, Emma Strubell, and Eduard Hovy

   In Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Structured Prediction for NLP (SPNLP 2021), Aug 2021

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3. Spotlight talk

   An empirical investigation of the role of pre-training in lifelong learning

   Sanket Vaibhav Mehta, Darshan Patil, Sarath Chandar, and Emma Strubell

   In ICML Theory and Foundation of Continual Learning Workshop, Aug 2021

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4. WiFiMod: Transformer-Based Indoor Human Mobility Modeling Using Passive Sensing

   Amee Trivedi, Kate Silverstein, Emma Strubell, Prashant Shenoy, and Mohit Iyyer

   In ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies (COMPASS), Aug 2021

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   Modeling human mobility has a wide range of applications from urban planning to simulations of disease spread. It is well known that humans spend 80% of their time indoors but modeling indoor human mobility is challenging due to three main reasons: (i) the absence of easily acquirable, reliable, low-cost indoor mobility datasets, (ii) high prediction space in modeling the frequent indoor mobility, and (iii) multi-scalar periodicity and correlations in mobility. To deal with all these challenges, we propose WiFiMod, a Transformer-based, data-driven approach that models indoor human mobility at multiple spatial scales using WiFi system logs. WiFiMod takes as input enterprise WiFi system logs to extract human mobility trajectories from smartphone digital traces. Next, for each extracted trajectory, we identify the mobility features at multiple spatial scales, macro and micro, to design a multi-modal embedding Transformer that predicts user mobility for several hours to an entire day across multiple spatial granularities. Multi-modal embedding captures the mobility periodicity and correlations across various scales while Transformers capture long term mobility dependencies boosting model prediction performance. This approach significantly reduces the prediction space by first predicting macro mobility, then modeling indoor scale mobility, micro mobility, conditioned on the estimated macro mobility distribution, thereby using the topological constraint of the macro-scale. Experimental results show that WiFiMod achieves a prediction accuracy of at least 10% points higher than the current state-of-art models. Additionally, we present 3 real-world applications of WiFiMod - (i) predict high density hot pockets and space utilization for policy making decisions for COVID19 or ILI, (ii) generate a realistic simulation of indoor mobility data to simulate spread of diseases, (iii) design personal assistants.

2020

1. Inorganic Materials Synthesis Planning with Literature-Trained Neural Networks

   Edward Kim, Zach Jensen, Alexander Grootel, Kevin Huang, Matthew Staib, Sheshera Mysore, Haw-Shiuan Chang, Emma Strubell, Andrew McCallum, Stefanie Jegelka, and Elsa Olivetti

   Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, Aug 2020

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2. Artificial Intelligence and Climate Change: Opportunities, considerations, and policy levers to align AI with climate change goals

   Lynn H. Kaack, Priya Donti, Emma Strubell, and David Rolnick

   Invited policy brief, Heinrich Böll Foundation, Dec 2020

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3. Energy and Policy Considerations for Modern Deep Learning Research

   Emma Strubell, Ananya Ganesh, and Andrew McCallum

   Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Apr 2020

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2019

1. The Materials Science Procedural Text Corpus: Annotating Materials Synthesis Procedures with Shallow Semantic Structures

   Sheshera Mysore, Zachary Jensen, Edward Kim, Kevin Huang, Haw-Shiuan Chang, Emma Strubell, Jeffrey Flanigan, Andrew McCallum, and Elsa Olivetti

   In Proceedings of the 13th Linguistic Annotation Workshop, Aug 2019

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2. AI Impact Prize

   Energy and Policy Considerations for Deep Learning in NLP

   Emma Strubell, Ananya Ganesh, and Andrew McCallum

   In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Jul 2019

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3. Machine Learning Models for Efficient and Robust Natural Language Processing

   Emma Strubell

   University of Massachusetts Amherst, Sep 2019

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2018

1. Syntax Helps ELMo Understand Semantics: Is Syntax Still Relevant in a Deep Neural Architecture for SRL?

   Emma Strubell, and Andrew McCallum

   In Proceedings of the Workshop on the Relevance of Linguistic Structure in Neural Architectures for NLP, Melbourne, Australia, Sep 2018

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2. Simultaneously Self-Attending to All Mentions for Full-Abstract Biological Relation Extraction

   Patrick Verga, Emma Strubell, and Andrew McCallum

   In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers), Jun 2018

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3. Syntax Helps ELMo Understand Semantics: Is Syntax Still Relevant in a Deep Neural Architecture for SRL?

   Emma Strubell, and Andrew McCallum

   In Proceedings of the Workshop on the Relevance of Linguistic Structure in Neural Architectures for NLP, Melbourne, Australia, Jun 2018

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4. Best Paper

   Linguistically-Informed Self-Attention for Semantic Role Labeling

   Emma Strubell, Patrick Verga, Daniel Andor, David Weiss, and Andrew McCallum

   In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Oct 2018

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5. Multi-Task Learning For Parsing The Alexa Meaning Representation Language

   Vittorio Perera, Tagyoung Chung, Thomas Kollar, and Emma Strubell

   Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Apr 2018

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2017

1. Dependency Parsing with Dilated Iterated Graph CNNs

   Emma Strubell, and Andrew McCallum

   In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Structured Prediction for Natural Language Processing, Sep 2017

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2. Fast and Accurate Entity Recognition with Iterated Dilated Convolutions

   Emma Strubell, Patrick Verga, David Belanger, and Andrew McCallum

   In Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Sep 2017

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3. An epidemiological model of internet worms with hierarchical dispersal and spatial clustering of hosts

   David E. Hiebeler, Andrew Audibert, Emma Strubell, and Isaac J. Michaud

   Journal of Theoretical Biology, Sep 2017

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4. Machine-learned and codified synthesis parameters of oxide materials

   Edward Kim, Kevin Huang, Alex Tomala, Sara Matthews, Emma Strubell, Adam Saunders, Andrew McCallum, and Elsa Olivetti

   Nature Scientific Data, Sep 2017

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5. Spotlight talk

   Automatically Extracting Action Graphs From Materials Science Synthesis Procedures

   Sheshera Mysore, Edward Kim, Emma Strubell, Ao Liu, Haw-Shiuan Chang, Srikrishna Kompella, Kevin Huang, Andrew McCallum, and Elsa Olivetti

   In NIPS Workshop on Machine Learning for Molecules and Materials, Dec 2017

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6. Attending to All Mention Pairs for Full Abstract Biological Relation Extraction

   Patrick Verga, Emma Strubell, Ofer Shai, and Andrew McCallum

   In 6th Workshop on Automated Knowledge Base Construction (AKBC), Dec 2017

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2016

1. Multilingual Relation Extraction using Compositional Universal Schema

   Patrick Verga, David Belanger, Emma Strubell, Benjamin Roth, and Andrew McCallum

   In Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Jun 2016

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2. Extracting Multilingual Relations under Limited Resources: TAC 2016 Cold-Start KB construction and Slot-Filling using Compositional Universal Schema

   Haw-Shiuan Chang, Abdurrahman Munir, Ao Liu, Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei, Aaron Traylor, Ajay Nagesh, Nicholas Monath, Patrick Verga, Emma Strubell, and Andrew McCallum

   In Text Analysis Conference (Knowledge Base Population Track) ’16 Workshop (TAC KBP), Nov 2016

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2015

1. Outstanding Paper

   Learning Dynamic Feature Selection for Fast Sequential Prediction

   Emma Strubell, Luke Vilnis, Kate Silverstein, and Andrew McCallum

   In Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers), Jul 2015

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2. Building Knowledge Bases with Universal Schema: Cold Start and Slot-Filling Approaches

   Benjamin Roth, Nicholas Monath, David Belanger, Emma Strubell, Patrick Verga, and Andrew McCallum

   In Text Analysis Conference (Knowledge Base Population Track) ’15 Workshop (TAC KBP), Nov 2015

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2014

1. Training for Fast Sequential Prediction Using Dynamic Feature Selection

   Emma Strubell, Luke Vilnis, and Andrew McCallum

   In NIPS Workshop on Modern Machine Learning and NLP (NIPS WS), Dec 2014

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2. Minimally Supervised Event Argument Extraction using Universal Schema

   Benjamin Roth, Emma Strubell, Katherine Silverstein, and Andrew McCallum

   In 4th Workshop on Automated Knowledge Base Construction (AKBC), Dec 2014

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3. Universal Schema for Slot-Filling, Cold-Start KBP and Event Argument Extraction: UMassIESL at TAC KBP 2014

   Benjamin Roth, Emma Strubell, John Sullivan, Lakshmi Vikraman, Katherine Silverstein, and Andrew McCallum

   In Text Analysis Conference (Knowledge Base Population Track) ’14 Workshop (TAC KBP), Nov 2014

2012

1. Modeling the Spread of Biologically-Inspired Internet Worms

   Emma Strubell

   University of Maine, May 2012

   Undergraduate honors thesis

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